Pago Pago, AMERICAN SAMOA — The Dept. of Health confirms six cases of leptospirosis reported since January, including five cases identified in March. The outbreak has shown signs of increased severity, with two patients requiring intensive care and one fatality reported, prompting health authorities to officially declare an outbreak to facilitate resource mobilization and strengthen clinician awareness for timely testing and treatment.

DOH continues to emphasize early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment, alongside public risk‑reduction measures, particularly following heavy rainfall and flooding, while aiming to raise awareness without causing undue public alarm.

The public is advised to avoid swimming in rivers, streams, and creeks for at least 3 to 5 days after heavy rainfall, and longer (up to 7 days) if flooding, muddy conditions, or standing water persist. Heavy rain can wash harmful bacteria (Leptospira) from animal urine (including rats, pigs, and dogs) into these water sources, increasing the risk of infection.

Leptospirosis is spread when contaminated water enters the body through cuts or broken skin, or through the eyes, nose, or mouth. Anyone can become infected, but children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with open wounds or underlying health conditions Symptoms may appear within 2 to 14 days after exposure and include:

• Fever

• Headache

• Muscle pain (especially calves)

• Red eyes

• Nausea or vomiting

• Severe cases may lead to yellowing of the eyes/skin, kidney problems, bleeding or even death.

To stay safe, avoid swimming or playing in freshwater after heavy rain, keep children out of floodwaters, cover any cuts with waterproof bandages, wash with clean water, and wear protective footwear when walking in wet or muddy areas.

ASDOH strongly urges anyone who develops symptoms after contact with floodwater, freshwater sources or animal urine to seek medical care immediately at their nearest Community Health Center or at LBJ Tropical Medical Center. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are critical and can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications and ASDOH will continue to monitor the situation and will inform the public accordingly.

Of note, the DoH is also monitoring typhoid and dengue fever, both of which can present with similar symptoms.

Additionally, RSV season is beginning, which can resemble a common cold but escalate quickly.

Health officials are encouraging residents not to wait on symptoms and to seek medical attention promptly.

(Sources: ASDOH and talanei.com)